高分子精密微孔过滤技术在工业生产上的应

        5. 高分子精密微孔过滤技术在工业生产上的应用

        5. Application of polymer precise microporous filtration technology in industrial production

        高分子精密微孔过滤技术是一种、长效与低成本的新型过滤技术，但在各种工业生产上某一工程应用能否成功，能否充份展现出该技术的固有*性，*取决于精密微孔过滤机的设计、制造、使用与管理等一系列环节中的人为因素。

        Polymer precise microfiltration technology is a highly efficient, long-lasting and cost-effective new filtration technology. But whether in a given engineering application it can achieve success and fully demonstrate the inherent nature of the technology or not in a variety of industrial productions, is entirely dependent on the human factors of a series of aspects in the design, manufacture, use and management of precise microporous filter. 

        精密微孔过滤机的设计人员必须充份了解具体生产工艺对其所选用的过滤机的详细技术要求和过滤机的上游装置与下游装置对过滤机的匹配要求；对被过滤物料的过滤特性参数应作认真与系统的测试与计算；对微孔过滤管的型号与规格，精密微孔过滤机的型号与规格，辅助装置的型号与规格及生产现场的工程设备布置等均应进行正确计算与严密设计，在此基础上按设计要求指导高分子微孔过滤管与精密微孔过滤机的制造与辅助装置的制造及采购，按设计要求进行安装与验收。按设计要求制订正确的应用该精密微孔过滤机的管理规程，操作规程与维修规程。大量实践与许多经验及教训事例证明，上述一系列系统工程的工作，凡是环环紧扣，处处认真仔细，zui终都可使其在生产上能长期成功运行，为用户创造显著经济效益与社会效益；如果有一至几个环节马虎敷衍，轻则造成整套装置“病态运行”，重则全盘失败。预先不做实验，不严格计算与设计，轻而易举用得成功的实例也有，但多数是一些过滤难度不大，要求不高或应用规模较小的场合。凡是难度高，处理规模大的难滤物料的精密微孔过滤项目，必须严格按上述程序执行。

        The designer of precise microporous filter must be fully aware of the detailed technical requirements of its selected filter for the specific production process, and the matching requirements of filter devices for upstream devices and downstream devices. For the filtration characteristics parameters of filtered suspension, it should be careful and systematic tested and calculated. For the models and specifications of microprorous filtration tube, the models and specifications of precise microporous filter, the models and specifications of assist devices, and the engineering equipment layout of the production site, it should be correctly calculated and designed. On the above basis of work, according to design requirements， guide the manufacturing of polymer microporous filter tubes and precise microporous filters, and the manufacturing and procurement of auxiliary devices. According to design requirements, finish the installation, inspection and acceptance. According to design requirements, some correct directive rules for management, operation and maintenance of the precise microporous filter must be drew up. Substantial practical experience and lessons with many incidents prove in case that the above-mentioned series of system engineering work can be finished with each other close and careful interlink, finally the filtration project would be successful for long term, and can create significant economic and social benefits for the user. If there is one aspect or more which is perfunctory, it will cause "sick running" of the entire device and so much so that can lead to complete failure badly. There are success examples which also get easy use with no pre-experiment, non-strict calculation and design， because that most are a number of filtrations which are not difficult, having no high requirement or having smaller application scale. The precise microfiltration projects of suspensions with high difficulty and large-scale treatment must be in strict accordance with the above-mentioned procedures.

        经过三十多年的研究，开发与广泛推广，高分子精密微孔过滤技术已获得普遍应用。成功应用的产品种类难以统计。本文仅罗列一些主要应用项目。

        After the research , development and extensive popularization of 30 years, polymer precise microporous filtration technology has been widely applied. The product categories which have been successfully applied is difficult to take statistics. This article only lists some of the major applications.

         ①多种脱色液的粉末活性炭的精密过滤：已用于咖啡因、多种氨基酸、葡萄糖、果糖、木糖醇、多种维生素、味精、肌苷、柠檬酸、依康酸、J酸、植酸、乳酸等。

        ①Precise filtration of powdered activated carbon of multiple decoloration fluid: It has been used for caffeine, a variety of amino acids, glucose, fructose, xylitol, multi-vitamins, monosodium glutamate, inosine, citric acid, itaconic acid, J acid, phytic acid, lactic acid and so on.

        ②发酵液的精密过滤，发酵液初过滤液再除蛋白等杂质的精密复滤，酶反应液的精密过滤：已大规模用于盐霉素发酵液、柔红霉素发酵液、葡萄糖酸钙发酵液、阿维菌素发酵液初过滤液、丙烯酰胺酶反应液、低聚糖酶反应液、苯丙胺酸酶反应液等；

        ②Precisise filtration of fermentation liquid, precise re-filtration of the first fermentation filtrate for removing protein and other impurities, precise filtration of enzyme reaction solution: It has large-scale application in salinomycin fermentation broth, daunorubicin fermentation broth, calcium gluconate fermentation broth, the first filtrate of avermectin fermentation broth, acrylamide enzyme reaction solution, oligosaccharide enzyme reaction solution, phenylalanine enzyme reaction solution, etc.;

        ③固体催化剂的精密过滤：已用于钯炭催化剂、铜镍催化剂、二氧化锰催化剂、多种石化催化剂、多种化肥催化剂及其他多种超细催化剂等；

        ③Precise filtration of fine solid catalysts: It has been used for palladium catalyst, copper-nickel catalyst, manganese dioxide catalyst, a variety of petrochemical catalysts, a variety of chemical fertilizers catalysts and a variety of other superfine catalysts;

        ④超细粉体精密过滤：已用于硫酸钡、硫化钡、钛酸钡、硫化锌、硫化铁、氢氧化钽、氢氧化铌、氢氧化锆、氢氧化铁、氢氧化铝、超细硅胶、超细锌粉、超细硫酸钙、超细二氧化钛等；

        ④Precise filtration of ultrafine powder: It has been used for barium sulfate, barium sulfide, barium titanate, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, tantalum hydroxide , niobium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ultra-fine silica gel, ultra-fine zinc powder, ultra-fine calcium sulfate, and ultrafine titanium dioxide, etc.;

        ⑤天然药汁的精密过滤：已用于银杏提取液、甜菊糖提取液、大蒜素提取液、紫杉醇提取液、海蛇提取液、蚂蚁提取液、黄芪提取液、复方感冒冲剂提取液、复方舒喉口服液、复方脑心舒口服液等；

        ⑤Precise filtration of natural syrup: It has been used for ginkgo biloba extract, stevia rebaudianum extract, allicin extract, taxol extract, extract of sea snake, ants extract, astragalus extract, compound catch cold granules extract, compound throat improving Oral Liquid, Compound brain improving oral liquid, etc.;

        ⑥还原反应后的铁泥精密过滤：已应用于咖啡因生产上的铁泥过滤，苯胺生产上的铁泥过滤等；

        ⑥Precise filtration of iron sludge after the reduction reaction: It has been used in the filtration of iron sludge in the caffeine production and the filtration of iron sludge in the aniline production, etc.;

        ⑦液体原料的精密过滤：已大量用于硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、醋酸、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、氯仿、双氧水、水玻璃、硫酸铝、硫酸钠、氯化钡等；

        ⑦Precise filtration of liquid raw materials: It has large-scale application in sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, chloroform, hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate , aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, barium chloride, etc.;

        ⑧化纤与化肥生产上循环液的精密过滤：已长期大规模用于粘胶纤维生产与食品玻璃纸生产上的硫酸酸溶的循环过滤；腈纶生产上的硫腈酸钠液循环过滤；化肥生产上的铜氨液、脱炭液和脱硫液的循环过滤等；

        ⑧Precise filtration of cycle liquid in chemical fiber and chemical fertilizer production: It has been used in the cycle filtration of sulfate solution for the production of viscose fiber and the food glass paper with long time and large-scale; In the acrylic fibers production, cycle filtration of sodium sulfocyanate solution; In the chemical fertiliger production, cycle filtration of cuprammonia solution, decarburize solution and desulfidation sulution,ect.;

        ⑨液体产品的精密澄清过滤（包括液体结晶前或干燥前的精密澄清过滤）；

        ⑨Precise clarify filtration of liquid products （including precise clarification filtration before liquid crystalization or drying）;

        已大量用于下列产品的液体产品的过滤：

        It has been substantially used for the filtration of liquid products, as follows:

        a.化工类液体产品：双氰胺、山梨醇、塑料安定剂、氢氧化钠（除结晶盐）、双氧水、L乳酸、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硫酸镍、磷酸五钠、糖精、J酸、柠檬酸、聚合氯化铝、氟硅酸、草酸等；

        a.Chemical liquid products: Dicyandiamide, sorbitol, plastic stabilizer, sodium hydroxide （filtering crystallization salt）, hydrogen peroxide, L lactic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, nickel sulphate, sodium phosphate, saccharin, J acid, citric acid, polyaluminium chloride, fluorosilicon acid, oxalic acid, etc.;

        b.食品类液体产品：各种糖液（甜菊糖、低聚糖、果糖、蔗糖、甜菜糖等），各种食用油（菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、葵花油、茶油、芝麻油、葡萄籽油、沙棘油等）、多种酒类（白酒、啤酒、葡萄酒、多种药酒等）与多种果汁（苹果汁、草莓汁、山渣汁等）；

        b.Liquid food products: a variety of sugar （stevioside, oligosaccharides, fructose, sucrose, beet sugar, etc.）, all kinds of edible oils （rape-seed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, tea oil, sesame oil, grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil）, a variety of alcoholic beverages （liquor, beer, wine, a variety of medical wine, etc.） and a wide variety of fruit juice （apple juice, strawberry juice, hawthorn juice,etc.）;

        c.医药类产品：多种维生素、多种氨基酸、多种磺胺类等；

        c.Pharmaceutical products: a variety of vitamins, a variety of amino acids, a variety of sulfonamides, etc.;

        ⑩水与水溶液类的精密澄清过滤：

        ⑩Precise clarify filtration of water and aqueous solution:

        ?已大规模用于氯碱生产上的二次盐水的精密过滤；从河水、湖水或井水中制取工业用水的精密过滤；蒸汽冷凝水的循环过滤，冷却水的循环过滤；离子交换或电渗析前的原水精密预过滤；超滤、纳滤与反渗透前水质精密予过滤等；

        ?It has large-scale application in the precise filtration of secondary brine in chlor-alkali production; the precise filtration of industrial water produced from the river, lake or well water; cycle filtration of steam condensed water, the cycle filtration of cooling water; the precise pre-filtration of the raw water before ion exchange or electricity dialysis; the precise pre-filtration before ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis and so on;

        12化工与制药等生产上液体进入离子交换、层析、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、精馏、蒸发及干燥等装置前液体精密预过滤，如α淀粉酶超滤浓缩前的液体精密预过滤等；

        ⑿In chemical and pharmaceutical production, the liquid precise pre-filtration before the liquid enters the ion exchange, chromatography, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, rectification, evaporation and drying devices, for example, liquid precise pre-filtration before the ultrafiltration concentration of α-amylase, etc.;

        ⒀废水过滤：已大规模用于下列废水：

        ⒀ Filtration of wastewater: It has large-scale application in the following wastewater:

        a.重金属废水类：电镀液废水（铬、锌、铜、镍等）；线路版废水（含铜废水）；蓄电池废水（铅、镍、镉等）；磁性材料废水（四氧化三铁）；电瓷瓶生产废水（四氧化三铅）；草酸生产废水（铅）等；

        a.Heavy metal wastewater categories: electroplating liquid wastewater （chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, etc.）; line-panel wastewater （copper-containing wastewater）; battery wastewater （lead, nickel, cadmium, etc.）; magnetic material wastewater （ferroferric oxide）; production wastewater of electric porcelain （red lead）; production wastewater of oxalic acid （lead）, etc.;

        b.非金属元素废水：已大规模用于含氟废水、含硫废水（气体脱硫洗涤处理后的废水）等。

        b.Non-metallic element wastewater: It has large-scale application in fluorine-containing wastewater, sulfur-containing wastewater （wastewater after desulfurization and scrubbing of gas） and so on. 

        c.从化工或有色金属废水中回收产品：已用于回收五氧化二钒、对硝基苯酚钠、炭黑、硫酸锰、五氧化二锰、聚苯乙烯、钛白粉等；

        c.Recovery product from the wastewater of chemical and non-ferrous metals: It has been used for the recovery of vanadium pentoxide, p-nitrophenol sodium, carbon black, manganese sulfate, manganese pentoxide, polystyrene, titanium dioxide, etc.;

        d.其他化工废水：已用于乳胶漆废水，颜料废水，电泳漆废水与硫化物废水；

        d.Other chemical wastewater: It has been used in latex paint wastewater, paint wastewater, electrophoresis paint wastewater and sulfide wastewater; 

        e.电厂堆煤场废水：一台PGK-150型微孔过滤机每小时可过滤100米3废水，已连续应用七年以上；

        e.Wastewater of generating electric plant coal yard: A PGK-150-type microporous filter can filter 100 cube meters wastewater per hour, and it has been applied for more than seven years;

        f.煤矿矿井废水：4台PGK-100型微孔过滤机（三用一备），每小时可过滤废水150米3，已应用二年以上；

        f.Coal mine wastewater: Four PGK-100-type microporous filters （three used, one prepared）, can filter 150 cube meterss wastewater per hour, and it has been applied for more than two years;

        g.酒精生产上的酒糟废水：已用于玉米酒精的废水过滤，可回收全部玉米渣，作蛋白饲料。

        g.Vinasse wastewater in alcohol production: It has been used to filter corn ethanol wastewater, and it can recover all corn residue for protein feed.

        （作者单位：上海东瓯微孔过滤技术研究所）